Explanation text

What is Explanation?
* An explanation is a set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those facts.
* This description may establish rules or laws, and may clarify the existing ones in relation to any objects, or phenomena examined. The components of an explanation can be implicit, and be interwoven with one another.
* An explanation is often underpinned by an understanding that is represented by different media such as music, text, and graphics. Thus, an explanation is subjected to interpretation, and discussion.
* In scientific research, explanation is one of the purposes of research, e.g., exploration and description. Explanation is a way to uncover new knowledge, and to report relationships among different aspects of studied phenomena.

What is the purpose of Explanation
* Explanation purpose is to explain the processes involved in the formation and working of natural or sociocultural phenomena

Text organization of Explanation
* A general statement to position the reader
* A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
* Closing

Language Features in Explanation
* Focus on generic, non-human participants
This mean that explanation explain something usually happen normally.
* The use of general and abstract nouns.
* The use of action verbs
Example : push, plug, add, move, shake, spray, pump, remove, clean, etc
* The use of simple present tense
Example : it is hard, they are green, it isn’t large,etc
* The use of passive voice
Example : -The bone had been broken
* The use of conjunctional of time and cause
Example : -Sun are exist before the earth exist
* The use of noun phrases
Example : -The tiger’s fang
* The use of complex sentences
* The use of technical languages

Types of explnatons
* Deductive nomological.
* Functional
* Historical
* Psychological
* Reductive
* Teleogical
* Methodological explanations.

Example of Explanation
Photosynthesis
Photosintesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the “fuel” used by all living things.
The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll
Most of trhe time, the photosynthesic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive.
Oh yes, we need the food as well!
We can write the overall reaction of this process as :
6H₂O + 6CO₂ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Diagram of a typical plant, showing the inputs and outputs of the photosynthesis process.

To Infinitive and Gerund

Below are the list of the word that must be join with “ to infinitive” or “gerund” or the word that something can be join with to infinite or gerund

+ To infinitive	+ Gerund	+ to infinitive or gerund
Advice	Forney	Wish
Allow	Forgive	Learn
Ask	Require	invite
Decide	Mind	Tell
Except	Neglect	Teach
Force	Practice	Try
Hope	Postpone	Advice
Intend	Pardon	Allow
Mean	Prevent	Attempt
Permit	Resist	Begin
Promise	Risk	forget
Propose	Understand	Stop
Worn	Admit
Want	Appreciate
Would like	Enjoy
Urge	Excuse
required	Finish
	Delay
	Continue
	Consider
	Hate
	Like
	Intend
	Love
	Prefer
	Regret
	Remember
	Start
	Avoid
	Can’t stop
	Can’t help
	To be used to
	To be accustomed to
	To object to
	To take to
	To look forward to
	To be adverse to

Modification

Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Color	Origin	Material	Noun
Beautiful	Big	Fresh		Yellow	Indonesian	Plastic	Roses
Joyful		Old			American		Singer
An expensive	Big	Ancient		Brown	Asmat	Leather	Handy craft
Cheap	Little	Modern		Black	Italian	wood
Cold	Small	Old	Square	Brown	Padang	Bamboos	house
Good	Little	Modern	Circle	Colorful	Australian	Glass	ball

Observation Report Estimating the duration Redox Reaction

I. Destination
Knowing the relationship influence the color change before and after reaction with use traditional course of the reaction with evidence of the potential price of the cell.

II. Materials and tools
• 5 pieces of test tubes
• 1 piece of test tube rack
• Table cell potential price
• 1 piece of metal Mg, Zn and Pb
• 2 pieces of metal Cu
• A solution of HCl
• CuSO4 solution
• solution of ZnSO4
• A solution of Pb (NO3) 2


III. How it Works
1. Prepare 5 pieces of test tubes.
2. Wash clean test tube.
3. Putting all five pieces to the shelf test tube reaction tabunng
4. Incorporating approximately 5ml (or to taste, can be seen from the reaction):
• HCl solution into the first tube
• CuSO4 solution into the second and third tube
• ZnSO4 solution into the fourth tube
• A solution of Pb (NO3) 2 into the fifth tube
5. Setting up the pieces of Mg, Zn, Pb and Cu, then enter:
• Mg metal into the first tube. Observe and record what has happened.
• Zn metal into the second tube. Observe and record the color change logan and solution before and after the reaction.
• Pb metal into the third tube. Observe and record the color change logan and solution before and after the reaction.
• Cu metal tube into the fourth. Observe and record the color change logan and solution before and after the reaction.
• Cu metal tube into the fifth. Observe and record the color change logan and solution before and after the reaction.
See the following picture:

Mg Cu Zn Pb Cu



HCl CuSO4 CuSO4 ZnSO4 Pb (NO3) 2

IV. Observation
1. Reaction of Mg metal with HCl
Color before Color after
Mg Gray black White long gone
HCl Bening Stay clear clear clear

2. Reaction of metal pendesakan
Tube to a metallic-color Observations Observations color of the solution
before after before after
2 carat Color Gray, long devastated Blue Light blue nodes for long clear
3 Silver Somewhat clear black Blue Light blue long clear
4 Yellow gold Yellow gold Bening Bening lucid lucid
5 Yellow gold Yellow gold Bening Bening lucid lucid

V. Conclusion
The color change before and after the reaction takes place to determine whether or not a reaction.
• If the color of the reaction solution before and after the change, meaning the reaction can take place.
• If the color of the solution before and after the reaction remains, meaning the reaction can not take place.
This can be evidenced by the price table cell potential, namely:
• If the price of a reaction after the cell potential is calculated, the price is positive means that the reaction can take place.
• If the price of a reaction after the cell potential is calculated, hargany negative reaction means that it can not take place.

VI. Answer Questions
1. Among the five trials that I observe,
• The reaction can take place is the group 1, 2, 3.
Ø HCl (aq) + Mg (s) + H (s) + MgCl (aq)
Ø CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (S) Cu 2 + (s) + ZnSO4 (aq)
Ø CuSO4 (aq) + Pb (s) Cu2 + (s) + PbSO4 (aq)
• The reaction can not take place is the group 4 and 5.
Ø ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu 2 + (s)
Ø Pb (NO3) 2 + Cu 2 + (s)
2. a. Potential price of each cell:
• HCl (aq) + Mg (s)
H + Eo = Eo - Eo Mg2 +
= 0.00 - (-2.375) = +2.375

• CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (S)
Cu2 + Eo = Eo - Eo Zn2 +
= +0.34 - (-0.763) = +1.103

• CuSO4 (aq) + Pb (s)
Cu2 + Eo = Eo - Eo Pb2 +
= +0.34 - (-0.126) = + 0.466

• ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
Zn2 + Eo = Eo - Eo Cu2 +
= -0.763 - (+0.34) = -1.103

• Pb (NO3) 2 + Cu (s)
Pb2 + Eo = Eo - Eo Cu2 +
= -0.126 - (+0.34) = -0.466
b. There is a relationship between cell potential price of the course of a redox reaction.
• If the potential price of cells positive (> 0), meaning the reaction can take place.
• If the potential price of cells positive (> 0), meaning the reaction can take place.